SELECT 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    IF(
      cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount = 0, 
      cscart_product_prices.price, 
      cscart_product_prices.price - (
        cscart_product_prices.price * cscart_product_prices.percentage_discount
      )/ 100
    )
  ) AS price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id IN (
    145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 
    153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 
    161, 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 
    170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 
    178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 
    186, 187, 188, 189, 190, 191, 1, 5
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 1) 
GROUP BY 
  cscart_product_prices.product_id

Query time 0.00078

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "173.31"
    },
    "grouping_operation": {
      "using_temporary_table": true,
      "using_filesort": true,
      "cost_info": {
        "sort_cost": "96.00"
      },
      "table": {
        "table_name": "cscart_product_prices",
        "access_type": "ALL",
        "possible_keys": [
          "usergroup",
          "product_id",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "rows_examined_per_scan": 368,
        "rows_produced_per_join": 95,
        "filtered": "26.09",
        "cost_info": {
          "read_cost": "58.11",
          "eval_cost": "19.20",
          "prefix_cost": "77.31",
          "data_read_per_join": "2K"
        },
        "used_columns": [
          "product_id",
          "price",
          "percentage_discount",
          "lower_limit",
          "usergroup_id"
        ],
        "attached_condition": "((`danishecarter_latest`.`cscart_product_prices`.`lower_limit` = 1) and (`danishecarter_latest`.`cscart_product_prices`.`product_id` in (145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152,153,154,155,156,157,158,159,160,161,162,163,164,165,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189,190,191,1,5)) and (`danishecarter_latest`.`cscart_product_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,1)))"
      }
    }
  }
}