SELECT 
  cscart_product_point_prices.product_id, 
  MIN(
    cscart_product_point_prices.point_price
  ) AS point_price 
FROM 
  cscart_product_point_prices 
WHERE 
  cscart_product_point_prices.product_id IN (
    12, 148, 5, 23, 1, 149, 79, 238, 239, 172, 
    167, 8
  ) 
  AND cscart_product_point_prices.lower_limit = 1 
  AND cscart_product_point_prices.usergroup_id IN (0, 0, 1)

Query time 0.00032

JSON explain

{
  "query_block": {
    "select_id": 1,
    "cost_info": {
      "query_cost": "1.20"
    },
    "table": {
      "table_name": "cscart_product_point_prices",
      "access_type": "ref",
      "possible_keys": [
        "unique_key",
        "src_k"
      ],
      "key": "unique_key",
      "used_key_parts": [
        "lower_limit"
      ],
      "key_length": "2",
      "ref": [
        "const"
      ],
      "rows_examined_per_scan": 1,
      "rows_produced_per_join": 0,
      "filtered": "25.00",
      "index_condition": "((`danishecarter_latest`.`cscart_product_point_prices`.`product_id` in (12,148,5,23,1,149,79,238,239,172,167,8)) and (`danishecarter_latest`.`cscart_product_point_prices`.`usergroup_id` in (0,0,1)))",
      "cost_info": {
        "read_cost": "1.00",
        "eval_cost": "0.05",
        "prefix_cost": "1.20",
        "data_read_per_join": "6"
      },
      "used_columns": [
        "product_id",
        "point_price",
        "lower_limit",
        "usergroup_id"
      ]
    }
  }
}